A. Pengertian Passive Voice
Passive
voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject
pada sentence (kalimat) atau clause (klausa) tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan
menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer
of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak. Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active,
subject pada sentence atau clause berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan
bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi. Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi
pasif, namun hanya transitive verb (mempunyai direct object) yang dapat
diberlakukan demikian.
Rumus
Passive Voice
Rumus
passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini :
S + AUXILIARY VERB + PAST PARTICIPLE
Catatan:
Auxiliary
verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be, been,
being) maupun kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being,
has/have been) maupun antara primary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will
have been). Kombinasi auxiliary digunakan pada bentuk pasif pada tenses.
Penjelasan lebih lengkap dapat dilihat di Bentuk Pasif pada Tenses, Infinitive,
dan Gerund. Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive
(memiliki direct object).
Contoh:
·
She can’t drive a car. (active voice,
transitive), He always come on time. (active voice, intransitive)
Perubahan
bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular maupun
irregular.
Contoh:
·
play (base form) —> played (past
participle), sing (base form) —> sung (past participle)
Contoh
Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:
Komponen
Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice Subject be PP :
·
I am paid I am paid in dollars.
(Saya
dibayar dalam dollar.)
·
The red velvet recipe is used : The red
velvet recipe is used by many people.
(Resep
red velvet tsb digunakan oleh banyak orang.)
·
All of my shoes are washed : All of my
shoes are washed every month.
(Semua
sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.)
· Large amounts of meat and milk are
consumed : Large amounts of meat and milk are consumed by many people in the
countries
(Sejumlah
besar daging dan susu dikonsumsi oleh banyak orang di negara-negara tsb.)
·
The book was edited : The book was
edited by Beatrice Sparks
(Buku
tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)
·
The books were edited : The books were
edited by Beatrice Sparks.
(Buku-buku
tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)
Pengecualian
pada Transitive Verbs
Tidak
semua transitive verb, kata kerja yang memiliki direct object, dapat
dipasifkan. Beberapa kata kerja tersebut yang antara lain: have, become, lack,
look like, mean, dll akan terdengar tidak wajar maknanya ketika dipasifkan.
Beberapa contoh kalimat dari kata kerja tersebut adalah sebagai berikut.
Contoh:
·
I have a great new idea. —> tidak
dapat dipasifkan dengan: A great new idea is had by me.
·
The snack contains aspartame. —>
tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: Aspartame is contained by the snack.
B. Contoh kalimat aktif yang
dirubah menjadi kalimat passive / passive voice :
·
They did the test. (active)
The test was
done by them. (passive)
·
My mother is making a cake. (active)
A cake is
being made by my mother. (passive)
·
She will hold a party. (active)
A party will
be held by her. (passive)
·
The team has won the match.(active)
The match has
been won by the team. (passive)
·
He would cancel the meeting. (active)
The meeting
would be cancelled by him. (passive)
·
They made this plane in Germany. (active)
This plane
was made by them in Germany. (passive)
·
The students sang a song. (active)
A song was
sung by the students. (passive)
·
Gina read the book yesterday. (active)
The book was
read by Gina yesterday. (passive)
·
She has been telling it to me. (active)
It has been
being told to me by her. (passive)
·
Secretary wrote the letter two days ago.
The letter
was written by secretary two days ago. (passive)
·
We will discuss the matter later. (active)
The matter
will be discussed later. (passive)
·
She cannot repair the computer. (active)
The computer
cannot be repaired by her. (passive)
·
Does the boy like it? (active)
Is it liked
by the boy? (passive)
·
We can help you. (active)
You can be
helped by us. (passive)
·
The army shot the terrorist. (active)
The terrorist
was shot by the army. (passive)
·
Rizki is taking the umbrella. (active)
The umbrella
is being took by Rizki. (passive)
·
Rina bought a necklace. (active)
A necklace
was bought by Rina. (passive)
·
Evan is buying some flowers for his girlfriend.
(active)
Some flowers
are being bought by Evan for his girlfriend. (passive)
·
We are decorating the hall. (active)
The hall is
being decorated by us. (passive)
·
Active: He meets them everyday.
Passive :
They are met by him everyday.
·
Active : She waters this plant every two days.
Passive :
This plant is watered by her every two days.
·
Active : He met them yesterday
Passive :
They were met by him yesterday
·
Active : She watered this plant this morning
Passive : This
plant was watered by her this morning
·
Active : He has met them
Passive :
They have been met by him
·
Active : She has watered this plant for 5
minutes.
Passive :
This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.
·
Active : He had met them before I came.
Passive :
They had been met by him before I came.
·
Active : She had watered this plant for 5
minutes when I got here
Passive :
This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
C. Contoh kalimat passive voice lainnya
1. Jika active voice dalam
simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh :
·
Active : He meets them everyday.
Passive :
They are met by him everyday.
·
Active : She waters this plant every two days.
Passive :
This plant is watered by her every two days.
2. Jika active voice dalam
simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were
Contoh :
·
Active : He met them yesterday
Passive :
They were met by him yesterday
·
Active : She watered this plant this morning
Passive :
This plant was watered by her this morning
3. Jika active voice dalam
present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan
setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh :
·
Active : He has met them
Passive :
They have been met by him
·
Active : She has watered this plant for 5
minutes.
Passive :
This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.
4. Jika active voice dalam past
perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah
auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh :
·
Active : He had met them before I came.
Passive :
They had been met by him before I came.
·
Active : She had watered this plant for 5
minutes when I got here
Passive :
This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
5. Jika active voice dalam
simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh :
·
Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
Passive :
They will be met by him tomorrow.
·
Active : She will water this plant this afternoon.
Passive :
This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
·
Active : The farmers are going to harvest the
crops next week
Passive : The
crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.
6. Jika active voice dalam
future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan
setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh :
·
Active : He will have met them before I get
there tomorrow.
Passive :
They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
·
Active : She will have watered this plant before
I get here this afternoon.
Passive :
This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.
7. Jika active voice dalam past
future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan
setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh :
·
Active : He would have met them.
Passive :
They would have been met by him.
·
Active : She would have watered this plant.
Passive :
This plant would have been watered by her.
8. Jika active voice dalam
present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are)
+ being.
Contoh :
·
Active : He is meeting them now.
Passive :
They are being met by him now.
·
Active : She is watering this plant now.
Passive : This
plant is being watered by her now.
9. Jika active voice dalam past
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were) + being.
Contoh :
·
Active : He was meeting them.
Passive :
They were being met by him.
·
Active : She was watering this plant.
Passive :
This plant was being watered by her.
10. Jika active voice dalam
perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been +
being.
Contoh :
·
Active : He has been meeting them.
Passive :
They have been being met by him.
·
Active : She has been watering this plant.
Passive :
This plant has been being watered by her.
11. Jika active voice dalam past
perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.
Contoh :
·
Active : He had been meeting them.
Passive :
They had been being met by him.
·
Active : She had been watering this plant.
Passive :
This plant had been being watered by her.
12. Jika active voice dalam
future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will be + being.
Contoh :
·
Active : He will be meeting them.
Passive :
They will be being met by him.
·
Active : She will be watering this plant.
Passive :
This plant will be being watered by her.
13. Jika active voice dalam past
future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.
Contoh :
·
Active : He would be meeting them.
Passive :
They would be being met by him.
·
Active : She would be watering this plant.
Passive :
This plant would be being watered by her.
14. Jika active voice dalam
future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have
been + being.
Contoh :
·
Active : He will have been meeting them.
Passive :
They will have been being met by him.
·
Active : She will have been watering this plant.
Passive :
This plant will have been being watered by her.
15. Jika active voice dalam past
future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have
been + being.
Contoh :
·
Active : He would be meeting them.
Passive :
They would be being met by him.
·
Active : She would be watering this plant.
Passive :
This plant would be being watered by her.
