Tugas Passive Voice (B. Ingrris Bisnis 2)

A. Pengertian Passive Voice

Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject pada sentence (kalimat) atau clause (klausa) tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak. Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject pada sentence atau clause berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi. Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb (mempunyai direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.

Rumus Passive Voice

Rumus passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini :

S + AUXILIARY VERB + PAST PARTICIPLE

Catatan:

Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being) maupun kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been) maupun antara primary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been). Kombinasi auxiliary digunakan pada bentuk pasif pada tenses. Penjelasan lebih lengkap dapat dilihat di Bentuk Pasif pada Tenses, Infinitive, dan Gerund. Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive (memiliki direct object).

Contoh:

·         She can’t drive a car. (active voice, transitive), He always come on time. (active voice, intransitive)

      Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular maupun irregular.

Contoh:

·         play (base form) —> played (past participle), sing (base form) —> sung (past participle)

Contoh Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:

Komponen Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice Subject be PP :

·         I am paid I am paid in dollars.

      (Saya dibayar dalam dollar.)

·         The red velvet recipe is used : The red velvet recipe is used by many people.

      (Resep red velvet tsb digunakan oleh banyak orang.)

·         All of my shoes are washed : All of my shoes are washed every month.   

      (Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.)

·     Large amounts of meat and milk are consumed : Large amounts of meat and milk are consumed by many people in the countries

      (Sejumlah besar daging dan susu dikonsumsi oleh banyak orang di negara-negara tsb.)

·         The book was edited : The book was edited by Beatrice Sparks

      (Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)

·         The books were edited : The books were edited by Beatrice Sparks.

      (Buku-buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)

Pengecualian pada Transitive Verbs

Tidak semua transitive verb, kata kerja yang memiliki direct object, dapat dipasifkan. Beberapa kata kerja tersebut yang antara lain: have, become, lack, look like, mean, dll akan terdengar tidak wajar maknanya ketika dipasifkan. Beberapa contoh kalimat dari kata kerja tersebut adalah sebagai berikut.

Contoh:

·         I have a great new idea. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: A great new idea is had by me.

·         The snack contains aspartame. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: Aspartame is contained by the snack.

B. Contoh kalimat aktif yang dirubah menjadi kalimat passive / passive voice :

·         They did the test. (active)

The test was done by them. (passive)

·         My mother is making a cake. (active)

A cake is being made by my mother. (passive)

·         She will hold a party. (active)

A party will be held by her. (passive)

·         The team has won the match.(active)

The match has been won by the team. (passive)

·         He would cancel the meeting. (active)

The meeting would be cancelled by him. (passive)

·         They made this plane in Germany. (active)

This plane was made by them in Germany. (passive)

·         The students sang a song. (active)

A song was sung by the students. (passive)

·         Gina read the book yesterday. (active)

The book was read by Gina yesterday. (passive)

·         She has been telling it to me. (active)

It has been being told to me by her. (passive)

·         Secretary wrote the letter two days ago.

The letter was written by secretary two days ago. (passive)

·         We will discuss the matter later. (active)

The matter will be discussed later. (passive)

·         She cannot repair the computer. (active)

The computer cannot be repaired by her. (passive)

·         Does the boy like it? (active)

Is it liked by the boy?  (passive)

·         We can help you. (active)

You can be helped by us. (passive)

·         The army shot the terrorist. (active)

The terrorist was shot by the army. (passive)

·         Rizki is taking the umbrella. (active)

The umbrella is being took by Rizki. (passive)

·         Rina bought a necklace. (active)

A necklace was bought by Rina. (passive)

·         Evan is buying some flowers for his girlfriend. (active)

Some flowers are being bought by Evan for his girlfriend. (passive)

·         We are decorating the hall. (active)

The hall is being decorated by us. (passive)

·         Active: He meets them everyday.

Passive : They are met by him everyday.

·         Active : She waters this plant every two days.

Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.

·         Active : He met them yesterday

Passive : They were met by him yesterday

·         Active : She watered this plant this morning

Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning

·         Active : He has met them

Passive : They have been met by him

·         Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.

Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.

·         Active : He had met them before I came.

Passive : They had been met by him before I came.

·         Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here

Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here 

C. Contoh kalimat passive voice lainnya

1. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.

Contoh :

·         Active : He meets them everyday.

Passive : They are met by him everyday.

·         Active : She waters this plant every two days.

Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.

2. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were

Contoh :

·         Active : He met them yesterday

Passive : They were met by him yesterday

·         Active : She watered this plant this morning

Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning

3. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’

Contoh :

·         Active : He has met them

Passive : They have been met by him

·         Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.

Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.

4. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been

Contoh :

·         Active : He had met them before I came.

Passive : They had been met by him before I came.

·         Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here

Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here

5. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be

Contoh :

·         Active : He will meet them tomorrow.

Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.

·         Active : She will water this plant this afternoon.

Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.

·         Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week

Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.

6. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’

Contoh :

·         Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.

Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.

·         Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.

Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.

7. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.

Contoh :

·         Active : He would have met them.

Passive : They would have been met by him.

·         Active : She would have watered this plant.

Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.

8. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.

Contoh :

·         Active : He is meeting them now.

Passive : They are being met by him now.

·         Active : She is watering this plant now.

Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.

9. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were) + being.

Contoh :

·         Active : He was meeting them.

Passive : They were being met by him.

·         Active : She was watering this plant.

Passive : This plant was being watered by her.

10. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.

Contoh :

·         Active : He has been meeting them.

Passive : They have been being met by him.

·         Active : She has been watering this plant.

Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.

11. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.

Contoh :

·         Active : He had been meeting them.

Passive : They had been being met by him.

·         Active : She had been watering this plant.

Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.

12. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will be + being.

Contoh :

·         Active : He will be meeting them.

Passive : They will be being met by him.

·         Active : She will be watering this plant.

Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.

13. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.

Contoh :

·         Active : He would be meeting them.

Passive : They would be being met by him.

·         Active : She would be watering this plant.

Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.

14. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.

Contoh :

·         Active : He will have been meeting them.

Passive : They will have been being met by him.

·         Active : She will have been watering this plant.

Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.

15. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.

Contoh :

·         Active : He would be meeting them.

Passive : They would be being met by him.

·         Active : She would be watering this plant.

Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.