The spirit of Indonesia
Come son of the nation
Harumkan country
Make us proud
Indonesia
Jayalah country
Beloved homeland
Indonesian feast
Jayalah country
Beloved homeland
Indonesian feast
Garuda in my chest
Garuda's pride
I'm sure this day would win ..
Wage spirit
Indicate your wishes
I'm sure this day would win ..
Kamis, 26 Mei 2011
Writing/tulisan 9
Friendship Poems
Dudung and Maman origin citaman
try his fortune in overseas
hard work foraging
although wages are not commensurate
they were always together
in love or grief
never despair
Dudung and Maman has promised
striving to achieve dreams
if successful will return later
to woo sweetheart
they had sworn
though sports are tired
will never surrender
Dudung friendship Maman
was never cracked by age
Dudung friendship Maman
conquer the world together
they were always together
in love or grief
never despair
they had sworn
though sports are tired
will never surrender
Dudung friendship Maman
was never cracked by age
Dudung friendship Maman
conquer the world together
Dudung and Maman origin citaman
try his fortune in overseas
hard work foraging
although wages are not commensurate
they were always together
in love or grief
never despair
Dudung and Maman has promised
striving to achieve dreams
if successful will return later
to woo sweetheart
they had sworn
though sports are tired
will never surrender
Dudung friendship Maman
was never cracked by age
Dudung friendship Maman
conquer the world together
they were always together
in love or grief
never despair
they had sworn
though sports are tired
will never surrender
Dudung friendship Maman
was never cracked by age
Dudung friendship Maman
conquer the world together
Writing/tulisan 8
Poems about environment
Pertiwi now grieving,
Pertiwi now shouting,
Memangil, search,
Where humans are
Mother said
Are there any men who would serve
Spill lava in Yogyakarta,
I gave the flood to Mentawai
I have sent the flood to Wasior,
Dab I made Jakarta submerged,
Forest, wealth,
Have you stolen by force,
You stole the entire contents of my stomach ...
I just want you to protect for me to survive,
And can give the breath of life for human mu
Protect me, and do not seize the right to mine
I cried because you were hurt,
And you're crying after I spill my guts
Pertiwi now grieving,
Pertiwi now shouting,
Memangil, search,
Where humans are
Mother said
Are there any men who would serve
Spill lava in Yogyakarta,
I gave the flood to Mentawai
I have sent the flood to Wasior,
Dab I made Jakarta submerged,
Forest, wealth,
Have you stolen by force,
You stole the entire contents of my stomach ...
I just want you to protect for me to survive,
And can give the breath of life for human mu
Protect me, and do not seize the right to mine
I cried because you were hurt,
And you're crying after I spill my guts
Writing/tulisan 7
Mother
I was born with nothing,
You taught me everything,
Raised me with all efforts,
I hope not, those who were useful ..
When I cry in fear,
You who calmed me down ..
And when I fell ill,
You are always on my side ..
You menegurku when I'm wrong,
You reminded me when I forget,
You cheer me when I'm sad,
Thou cure me when I was injured ..
Now I have grown,
Trying to pursue and achieve my goals,
Hoping not to be useful,
For the sake of realizing the hopes and dreams of the family ..
Thank you mom,
You are everything to me,
Without you now I is not nothing,
His unrequited love to me not of all time ...
I was born with nothing,
You taught me everything,
Raised me with all efforts,
I hope not, those who were useful ..
When I cry in fear,
You who calmed me down ..
And when I fell ill,
You are always on my side ..
You menegurku when I'm wrong,
You reminded me when I forget,
You cheer me when I'm sad,
Thou cure me when I was injured ..
Now I have grown,
Trying to pursue and achieve my goals,
Hoping not to be useful,
For the sake of realizing the hopes and dreams of the family ..
Thank you mom,
You are everything to me,
Without you now I is not nothing,
His unrequited love to me not of all time ...
Writing/tulisan 6
Mountain high above the ground
Misty white and bright
Cool weather in the morning
Nan broad green rice fields
Poems about nature
The water in the lake is very cool
Morning dew falling on leaves
Very cool waterfall
And the cool evening dew
Blue water color beach
The air is very cool morning on the beach
On the beach there is a place auction turtle
And the vast sea
The sun is warm
Illuminate the natural environment
Sunlight is good for your body
Make the day seem bright
Misty white and bright
Cool weather in the morning
Nan broad green rice fields
Poems about nature
The water in the lake is very cool
Morning dew falling on leaves
Very cool waterfall
And the cool evening dew
Blue water color beach
The air is very cool morning on the beach
On the beach there is a place auction turtle
And the vast sea
The sun is warm
Illuminate the natural environment
Sunlight is good for your body
Make the day seem bright
Writing/tulisan 5
Because Of You
if ever you wondered if you touched my soul, yes you do.
Since I met you I'm not the same. You bring life to everything I
do. Just the way you say hello. With one touch I can't let go.
Never thought I'd fall in love with you.
Ch Because of you. My life has changed. Thank you for the love
and the joy you bring. Because of you I feel no shame. I'll tell
the world it's because of you.
Sometimes I get lonely and all I gotta do is think of you. You
captured something inside of me. You make all of my dreams
come true. It's not enough that you love me for me. You reached
inside and touched me internally. I love you best explains how
I feel for you.
Ch Because of you. My life has changed. Thank you for the love
and the joy you bring. Because of you I feel no shame. I'll tell
the world it's because of you.
The magic in your eyes, true love I can't deny. When you hold
me I just lose control. I want you to know that I'm never letting
go. You mean so much to me, I want the world to see it's
because of you.
Ch Because of you. My life has changed. Thank you for the love
and the joy you bring. Because of you I feel no shame. I'll tell
the world it's because of you. My life has changed. Thank you for the love and
joy you bring. Because of you I feel no shame. I'll tell the world it's because of you.
if ever you wondered if you touched my soul, yes you do.
Since I met you I'm not the same. You bring life to everything I
do. Just the way you say hello. With one touch I can't let go.
Never thought I'd fall in love with you.
Ch Because of you. My life has changed. Thank you for the love
and the joy you bring. Because of you I feel no shame. I'll tell
the world it's because of you.
Sometimes I get lonely and all I gotta do is think of you. You
captured something inside of me. You make all of my dreams
come true. It's not enough that you love me for me. You reached
inside and touched me internally. I love you best explains how
I feel for you.
Ch Because of you. My life has changed. Thank you for the love
and the joy you bring. Because of you I feel no shame. I'll tell
the world it's because of you.
The magic in your eyes, true love I can't deny. When you hold
me I just lose control. I want you to know that I'm never letting
go. You mean so much to me, I want the world to see it's
because of you.
Ch Because of you. My life has changed. Thank you for the love
and the joy you bring. Because of you I feel no shame. I'll tell
the world it's because of you. My life has changed. Thank you for the love and
joy you bring. Because of you I feel no shame. I'll tell the world it's because of you.
Writing/Tulisan 4
First sight
My old kept his chest
Admire your beautiful, beautiful oh
Can no longer kuucap words
Bisuku awed silence
And if one day you be mine
I took off you would not, oh love
And if time allow me to wait ...
yourself ...
Wherever I guess I fall in love
At first sight
It's hard for me to be able to
Stop admiring herself
As time goes by
Eventually the two of us met
Oh me blush
Seeing the attitude that funny ...
Oh God please help me
'Tuk make him mine
My dear oh my love my love
She's All That I need ...
And when we are together
Kan kujaga yourself forever
Oh thank my love ...
My old kept his chest
Admire your beautiful, beautiful oh
Can no longer kuucap words
Bisuku awed silence
And if one day you be mine
I took off you would not, oh love
And if time allow me to wait ...
yourself ...
Wherever I guess I fall in love
At first sight
It's hard for me to be able to
Stop admiring herself
As time goes by
Eventually the two of us met
Oh me blush
Seeing the attitude that funny ...
Oh God please help me
'Tuk make him mine
My dear oh my love my love
She's All That I need ...
And when we are together
Kan kujaga yourself forever
Oh thank my love ...
Writing/tulisan 3
Squid liver
God please help
Remove him from my heart
Now all useless
No right may occur
The love story is always me proud
You hempas all
Period yamng created for you
Without ever seen
How I try
So the best for yourself
Oh why could not you
Who loves me and what it tuluh
I'm not a perfect man
But my beloved feasible because of sincerity
Now let time answer all
Ask me..
Without ever seen
How I try
So the best for yourself
The time it answered all
Ask me ..
God please help
Remove him from my heart
Now all useless
No right may occur
The love story is always me proud
You hempas all
Period yamng created for you
Without ever seen
How I try
So the best for yourself
Oh why could not you
Who loves me and what it tuluh
I'm not a perfect man
But my beloved feasible because of sincerity
Now let time answer all
Ask me..
Without ever seen
How I try
So the best for yourself
The time it answered all
Ask me ..
Wriring/tulisan 2
Makes me Wonder
I wake up with blood-shot eyes
Struggled to memorize
The way it felt between your thighs
Pleasure that made you cry
Feels so good to be bad
Not worth the aftermath, after that
After that
Try to get you back
I still don’t have the reason
And you don’t have the time
And it really makes me wonder
If I ever gave a fuck about you
Give me something to believe in
Cause I don’t believe in you anymore
Anymore
I wonder if it even makes a difference to try
So this is goodbye
god damn, my spinning head
Decisions that made my bed
Now I must lay in it
And deal with things I left unsaid
I want to dive into you
Forget what you’re going through
I get behind, make your move
Forget about the truth
I still don’t have the reason
And you don’t have the time
And it really makes me wonder
If I ever gave a fuck about you
Give me something to believe in
Cause I don’t believe in you anymore
Anymore
I wonder if it even makes a difference,
It even makes a difference to try
And you told me how you’re feeling
But I don’t believe it’s true anymore
Anymore
I wonder if it even makes a difference to cry
(Oh no)
So this is goodbye
I’ve been here before
One day a week
And it won’t hurt anymore
You caught me in a lie
I have no alibi
The word is set on how to mean me
Cause
I still don’t have the reason
And you don’t have the time
And it really makes me wonder
If I ever gave a fuck about you
And I…and so this is goodbye
Give me something to believe in
Cause I don’t believe in you anymore
Anymore
I wonder if it even makes a difference,
It even makes a difference to try
And you told me how you’re feeling
But I don’t believe it’s true anymore
Anymore
I wonder if it even makes a difference to cry
So this is goodbye
So this is goodbye, yeah
So this is goodbye, yeah
So this is goodbye, yeah
I wake up with blood-shot eyes
Struggled to memorize
The way it felt between your thighs
Pleasure that made you cry
Feels so good to be bad
Not worth the aftermath, after that
After that
Try to get you back
I still don’t have the reason
And you don’t have the time
And it really makes me wonder
If I ever gave a fuck about you
Give me something to believe in
Cause I don’t believe in you anymore
Anymore
I wonder if it even makes a difference to try
So this is goodbye
god damn, my spinning head
Decisions that made my bed
Now I must lay in it
And deal with things I left unsaid
I want to dive into you
Forget what you’re going through
I get behind, make your move
Forget about the truth
I still don’t have the reason
And you don’t have the time
And it really makes me wonder
If I ever gave a fuck about you
Give me something to believe in
Cause I don’t believe in you anymore
Anymore
I wonder if it even makes a difference,
It even makes a difference to try
And you told me how you’re feeling
But I don’t believe it’s true anymore
Anymore
I wonder if it even makes a difference to cry
(Oh no)
So this is goodbye
I’ve been here before
One day a week
And it won’t hurt anymore
You caught me in a lie
I have no alibi
The word is set on how to mean me
Cause
I still don’t have the reason
And you don’t have the time
And it really makes me wonder
If I ever gave a fuck about you
And I…and so this is goodbye
Give me something to believe in
Cause I don’t believe in you anymore
Anymore
I wonder if it even makes a difference,
It even makes a difference to try
And you told me how you’re feeling
But I don’t believe it’s true anymore
Anymore
I wonder if it even makes a difference to cry
So this is goodbye
So this is goodbye, yeah
So this is goodbye, yeah
So this is goodbye, yeah
Writing/tulisan 1
I Caught Myself
Down to you you're pushing and pulling me down to you
But I do not know what I
Now when I caught myself
I had to stop myself
From saying something
That I should've never thought
Now when I caught myself
I had to stop myself
From saying something
That I should've never thought of you, of you
You're pushing and pulling me down to you
But I don't know what I want
No, I don't know what I want
You got it you got it
Some kind of magic
Hypnotic hypnotic
You're leaving me breathless
Say "hate this" say "hate this"
You're not the one I believe in
Well, God is my witness
Now when I caught myself
I had to stop myself
From saying something
That I should've never thought
Now when I caught myself
I had to stop myself
From saying something
That I should've never thought of you, of you
You're pushing and pulling me down to you
But I don't know what I want
No, I don't know what I want
Don't know what I want
But I know that it's not you
Keep pushing and pulling me down
But I know in my heart that is not you
Now when I caught myself
I had to stop myself
From saying something
That I should've never thought
Now when I caught myself
I had to stop myself
From saying something
That I should've never thought of you
I knew, I know in my heart it's not you
I know, but now I know what I want
I want I want
Oh no, I've should have never thought
Down to you you're pushing and pulling me down to you
But I do not know what I
Now when I caught myself
I had to stop myself
From saying something
That I should've never thought
Now when I caught myself
I had to stop myself
From saying something
That I should've never thought of you, of you
You're pushing and pulling me down to you
But I don't know what I want
No, I don't know what I want
You got it you got it
Some kind of magic
Hypnotic hypnotic
You're leaving me breathless
Say "hate this" say "hate this"
You're not the one I believe in
Well, God is my witness
Now when I caught myself
I had to stop myself
From saying something
That I should've never thought
Now when I caught myself
I had to stop myself
From saying something
That I should've never thought of you, of you
You're pushing and pulling me down to you
But I don't know what I want
No, I don't know what I want
Don't know what I want
But I know that it's not you
Keep pushing and pulling me down
But I know in my heart that is not you
Now when I caught myself
I had to stop myself
From saying something
That I should've never thought
Now when I caught myself
I had to stop myself
From saying something
That I should've never thought of you
I knew, I know in my heart it's not you
I know, but now I know what I want
I want I want
Oh no, I've should have never thought
artikel yg mengandung direct in direct
artikel yg mengandung direct in direct
customs coins
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Military http://www.challengecoinsplus.com/ are diverse and unique. Customized with a group, organization, university, or business logo, they speak volumes to those that they honor by being the type of collectible that really means something.
Folks from all round the world like to exhibit their challenge coins. Some even go as far as developing dogtags out of present coins. Wearing the challenge coin around their neck provides a sense of gam in their achievements and motivates others to remain motivated in the midst of their conditions. It does not make it eligible in the case of a challenge. Only those coins in their authentic form are eligible in that case.
Challenge coins have transformed into a part of history and a important collectible item by not just by men and women who've served and continue to serve our country, but private folks and collectors seeking a highly popuar and extremely collectible item that is respected by men and women throughout the globe.
customs coins
Navy challenge coins tend to be substantive elements of historiography. utilized to amortize those which help their countries in the military and to honor people employing remarkable records of skills, the small tokens of admiration date back to early World War I where they were given to a modest class of soldiers.
Thanks to their versatility, http://www.challengecoinsplus.com/ have been conceived for eachposition of the service and have been implemented as ways in which to foster others to be their most effective. Holders of the coins challenge each other to conclude specialized
responsibilities. If the individual being confronted refuses to settle up to their side of the covenant by churning out their battle group coin, they are preferred to pay for the challenger a round of beverages. If everybody encumbered in the challenge produces their unit's coin, the challenger has to pay for cocktails for them. Coins that have been modified and imposed into keychains and belt buckles usually do not count. The challenge coin really should be in its traditional manner to be accepted as valid.
Challenge coins can easily be custom made employing a organization, church group, or organization's logo and preferred colors. Due to the weight and thickness of each coin, the supposed value of this variety of promotional product is phenomenal.
A number of items are on the market to help protect and showcase challenge coin collections. PVC envelopes, coin capsules, velvet bags, acrylic coin cases, velvet coin cases, and plastic coin stands assist men and women comprise multiple challenge coins and make them readily available to the consumer. No matter if depicted in a individual's residence or business office, one thing is sure. http://www.challengecoinsplus.com/ are authentic conversation starters.
Small business owners can lay the groundwork by talking about their position inside of a certain class or organization with future buyers. Sports teams can point out their skills when soliciting sponsorships or fundraising. Students with organization affiliations and schoolmastering attainments can employ challenge coins to corroborate an already extraordinary resume or portfolio. Keeping a few of high-quality photographs at hand of the challenge coins to give to future bosses or scholastic officials can guide the interview process.
Military http://www.challengecoinsplus.com/ are diverse and unique. Customized with a group, organization, university, or business logo, they speak volumes to those that they honor by being the type of collectible that really means something.
Folks from all round the world like to exhibit their challenge coins. Some even go as far as developing dogtags out of present coins. Wearing the challenge coin around their neck provides a sense of gam in their achievements and motivates others to remain motivated in the midst of their conditions. It does not make it eligible in the case of a challenge. Only those coins in their authentic form are eligible in that case.
Challenge coins have transformed into a part of history and a important collectible item by not just by men and women who've served and continue to serve our country, but private folks and collectors seeking a highly popuar and extremely collectible item that is respected by men and women throughout the globe.
Kamis, 05 Mei 2011
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
Kalimat Langsung Dan Kalimat Tak Langsung
Bilamana reported speech menyatakan kata-kata yang sebenarnya, ini disebut direct speech (kalimat langsung). Kalimat-kalimat tersebut tidak dihubungkan oleh “that” melainkan harus ditandai dengan (tanda baca) koma.
Bilamana reported speech memberikan isi pokok kata-kata yang dipakai oleh si pembicara dan bukan kata-kata yang sebenarnya ini disebut indirect speech (kalimat tidak langsung). Dalam indirect speech kalimat-kalimat itu dihubungkan dengan kata “that”.
Bentuk waktu reporting verb tidak diubah, akan tetapi bentuk waktu reported speech harus diubah berdasarkan atas bentuk waktu reporting verb.
Dua cara perubahan bentuk waktu pada reported speech :
Peraturan I
Kalau reporting verb itu past tense, bentuk waktu kata kerja dalam reported speech itu harus diubah ke dalam salah satu dari empat bentuk past tense.
Direct Speech - Indirect Speech
Simple present - menjadi - Simple past
He said ” The woman comes “ He said that the woman came
Dari contoh di atas dapat disimpulkan perubahan untuk bentuk waktu dari reported speech sebagai berikut :
Direct Speech Indirect speech
Simple present Simple past
Present continuous Past continuous
Present perfect Past perfect
Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous
Simple past Past perfect
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
Future Past future
Present Past
Peraturan II
1. Bila reported speech kalimat berita
Dengan peraturan ini reporting verb dianggap dalam present atau future tense tertentu dan kapan saja ini terjadi, bentuk waktu dari kata kerja dalam reported speech tidak diubah sama sekali dalam mengubah direct menjadi indirect speech.
Reporting verb - Reported speech
Present tense - Any tense (bentuk waktu apapun)
Direct : She says to her friend, ” I have been writing “.
Indirect : She says to her friend that he has been writing. (tidak berubah)
Direct : She has told you, ” I am reading “.
Indirect : She has told you that he is reading. (tidak berubah)
Direct : She will say, ” You have done wrongly “.
Indirect : She will tell you that you have done wrongly. (tidak berubah)
Direct : She will say,” The boy wasn’t lazy “.
Indirect : She will tell them that the boy wasn’t lazy. (tidak berubah)
2. Bila reported speech merupakan kalimat tanya
a. Reporting verb say atau tell diubah menjadi ask atau inquire. Dengan mengulangi kata tanya dan mengubah tenses jika pertanyaannya dimulai dengan kata tanya diberitakan.
Direct
He said to me, “Where are you going?”
He said to me, “What are you doing?”
Indirect
He asked me where I was going
He inquired of me what I was doing
b. Dengan menggunakan if atau whether sebagai penghubung antara reporting verb dan reported speech dan mengubah tenses, jika pertanyaannya dimulai dengan kata kerja diberitakan :
Direct
He said to me, “Are you going
away today?”
He asked me , “can you come along?”
Indirect
He asked me whether I was
going away that day.
He asked me if I could come along.
3. Kalimat perintah (imperative sentences)
Bila reported speech merupakan kalimat perintah, reporting verb say atau tell harus diubah menjadi kata kerja tertentu yang menandakan :
· Command (perintah), misalnya ordered, commanded, dsb yang berarti menyuruh, memerintahkan.
· Precept (petunjuk, bimbingan, didikan), misalnya advised yang berarti menasehati.
· Request (permohonan), misalnya asked yang berarti meminta, memohon.
· Entreaty (permohonan yang sangat mendesak), misalnya begged yang berarti meminta, memohon (dengan sangat).
· Prohibition (larangan), misalnya forbade yang berarti melarang.
Dalam perubahannya dari kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung, modus imperatif harus diganti dengan infinitif. Tegasnya, reported verb (kata kerja yang diberitakan atau kata kerja dalam reported speech) harus diubah menjadi infinitive with to.
a. Command :
Direct : He said to his servant, “Go away at once!”
Indirect :He ordered his servant to go away at once
b. Precept :
Direct : She said to her son, “Study hard!”
Indirect : He advised her son to study hard
c. Request :
Direct : He said to his friend, “Please lend me your pen!”
Indirect : He asked his friend to be kind enough to lend him his pencil
d. Entreaty :
Direct : He said to his master, “Pardon me, sir”
Indirect: He begged his master to pardon him.
e. Prohibition :
Direct : She said to her daughter, “Don’t go there”
Indirect : She forbade her daughter to go there
Kalau reporting verb say atau tell diubah menjadi reported verb ask, order, command dsb (tapi jika bukan forbid), predikatnya diubah ke dalam infinitive with to yang didahului oleh not atau no + infinitive with to.
Direct : She said to her daughter, “Don’t go there”
Indirect : She asked herdaughter not to go there.
4. Kalimat seru (exclamatory sentences)
Bilamana reported speech terdiri dari kalimat seru atau kalimat optatif, reporting verb say atau tell harus diubah menjadi kata kerja tertentu yang semacam itu seperti exclaim, cry out, pray dsb.
a. Exclamatory sentences
Direct : He said, “Hurrah! My old friend has come”
Indirect : He exclaimed with joy that his old friend had come.
b. Optative sentences (kalimat yang menyatakan harapan, pujian, dsb)
Direct : He said, “God bless you, my dear son “
Indirect : He prayed that God would bless his dear son
Kalimat Langsung Dan Kalimat Tak Langsung
Bilamana reported speech menyatakan kata-kata yang sebenarnya, ini disebut direct speech (kalimat langsung). Kalimat-kalimat tersebut tidak dihubungkan oleh “that” melainkan harus ditandai dengan (tanda baca) koma.
Bilamana reported speech memberikan isi pokok kata-kata yang dipakai oleh si pembicara dan bukan kata-kata yang sebenarnya ini disebut indirect speech (kalimat tidak langsung). Dalam indirect speech kalimat-kalimat itu dihubungkan dengan kata “that”.
Bentuk waktu reporting verb tidak diubah, akan tetapi bentuk waktu reported speech harus diubah berdasarkan atas bentuk waktu reporting verb.
Dua cara perubahan bentuk waktu pada reported speech :
Peraturan I
Kalau reporting verb itu past tense, bentuk waktu kata kerja dalam reported speech itu harus diubah ke dalam salah satu dari empat bentuk past tense.
Direct Speech - Indirect Speech
Simple present - menjadi - Simple past
He said ” The woman comes “ He said that the woman came
Dari contoh di atas dapat disimpulkan perubahan untuk bentuk waktu dari reported speech sebagai berikut :
Direct Speech Indirect speech
Simple present Simple past
Present continuous Past continuous
Present perfect Past perfect
Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous
Simple past Past perfect
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
Future Past future
Present Past
Peraturan II
1. Bila reported speech kalimat berita
Dengan peraturan ini reporting verb dianggap dalam present atau future tense tertentu dan kapan saja ini terjadi, bentuk waktu dari kata kerja dalam reported speech tidak diubah sama sekali dalam mengubah direct menjadi indirect speech.
Reporting verb - Reported speech
Present tense - Any tense (bentuk waktu apapun)
Direct : She says to her friend, ” I have been writing “.
Indirect : She says to her friend that he has been writing. (tidak berubah)
Direct : She has told you, ” I am reading “.
Indirect : She has told you that he is reading. (tidak berubah)
Direct : She will say, ” You have done wrongly “.
Indirect : She will tell you that you have done wrongly. (tidak berubah)
Direct : She will say,” The boy wasn’t lazy “.
Indirect : She will tell them that the boy wasn’t lazy. (tidak berubah)
2. Bila reported speech merupakan kalimat tanya
a. Reporting verb say atau tell diubah menjadi ask atau inquire. Dengan mengulangi kata tanya dan mengubah tenses jika pertanyaannya dimulai dengan kata tanya diberitakan.
Direct
He said to me, “Where are you going?”
He said to me, “What are you doing?”
Indirect
He asked me where I was going
He inquired of me what I was doing
b. Dengan menggunakan if atau whether sebagai penghubung antara reporting verb dan reported speech dan mengubah tenses, jika pertanyaannya dimulai dengan kata kerja diberitakan :
Direct
He said to me, “Are you going
away today?”
He asked me , “can you come along?”
Indirect
He asked me whether I was
going away that day.
He asked me if I could come along.
3. Kalimat perintah (imperative sentences)
Bila reported speech merupakan kalimat perintah, reporting verb say atau tell harus diubah menjadi kata kerja tertentu yang menandakan :
· Command (perintah), misalnya ordered, commanded, dsb yang berarti menyuruh, memerintahkan.
· Precept (petunjuk, bimbingan, didikan), misalnya advised yang berarti menasehati.
· Request (permohonan), misalnya asked yang berarti meminta, memohon.
· Entreaty (permohonan yang sangat mendesak), misalnya begged yang berarti meminta, memohon (dengan sangat).
· Prohibition (larangan), misalnya forbade yang berarti melarang.
Dalam perubahannya dari kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung, modus imperatif harus diganti dengan infinitif. Tegasnya, reported verb (kata kerja yang diberitakan atau kata kerja dalam reported speech) harus diubah menjadi infinitive with to.
a. Command :
Direct : He said to his servant, “Go away at once!”
Indirect :He ordered his servant to go away at once
b. Precept :
Direct : She said to her son, “Study hard!”
Indirect : He advised her son to study hard
c. Request :
Direct : He said to his friend, “Please lend me your pen!”
Indirect : He asked his friend to be kind enough to lend him his pencil
d. Entreaty :
Direct : He said to his master, “Pardon me, sir”
Indirect: He begged his master to pardon him.
e. Prohibition :
Direct : She said to her daughter, “Don’t go there”
Indirect : She forbade her daughter to go there
Kalau reporting verb say atau tell diubah menjadi reported verb ask, order, command dsb (tapi jika bukan forbid), predikatnya diubah ke dalam infinitive with to yang didahului oleh not atau no + infinitive with to.
Direct : She said to her daughter, “Don’t go there”
Indirect : She asked herdaughter not to go there.
4. Kalimat seru (exclamatory sentences)
Bilamana reported speech terdiri dari kalimat seru atau kalimat optatif, reporting verb say atau tell harus diubah menjadi kata kerja tertentu yang semacam itu seperti exclaim, cry out, pray dsb.
a. Exclamatory sentences
Direct : He said, “Hurrah! My old friend has come”
Indirect : He exclaimed with joy that his old friend had come.
b. Optative sentences (kalimat yang menyatakan harapan, pujian, dsb)
Direct : He said, “God bless you, my dear son “
Indirect : He prayed that God would bless his dear son